science · preprint · 2026-08

The shore of closed-string gravity — and the string standing exactly on it

A one-parameter family of graviton scattering amplitudes contains textbook string theory (the Virasoro–Shapiro amplitude) at λ=1. One quantum rule — probabilities can never be negative — kills part of the family as spacetime dimensions grow. This work derives the killing boundary as a formula. It switches on at 9 dimensions, passes exactly through the string at 23 dimensions, and straightens onto the exact asymptote D = (12+4√3) λ. In our own four dimensions nothing in the family dies at all.

← Andrei Pluzhnik — all work


What was done

The Cheung–Hillman–Remmen graviton bootstrap (PRD 111, 086034) produces a family of amplitudes whose residues are perfect squares; positivity of partial waves was known to bound the family numerically for D ≥ 9. Tracking the top coefficients of the residue polynomial through the partial-wave projection turns that numerics into a theorem:

an,2n−4 ≥ 0  ⇔  D ≤ Tn(λ) = 3(2n−3)/(n(n−2)) · (λ²+(2n−2)λ+1) + 2n

Consequences: the shore is born at (D,λ)=(9,0) — explaining, as a formula, the onset CHR saw numerically; the minimum of Tn(1) over levels is exactly 23, attained at n=4, so the shore passes exactly through the string, and pure Virasoro–Shapiro first loses positivity at D=24 through its level-4 spin-4 wave; at large λ the shore straightens onto D = (12+4√3) λ. The claim that this envelope is the complete boundary is a conjecture, labeled as such, with a published falsification battery: 494/494 exact-scan agreements and three knife-hunts along the boundary with zero alarms.

3D landscape: a cyan plateau of surviving candidates, a cliff wall falling exactly along the formula, and a yellow lane — the string — walking the plateau and reaching the cliff edge at D=23.

The cliff of survival. Height = how deep a candidate survives exact positivity testing; the yellow lane is the string; the white diamond is D=23, where it reaches the very edge. Every point is an exact rational verdict.

How it was checked

Every claim-bearing computation uses exact rational arithmetic — floating-point error cannot exist. The theorem was re-derived from scratch by an independent adversarial review; a seven-battery falsification suite ships with the code and exits clean; the formula's razor predictions at never-scanned dimensions (D*=271/4 and D*=57) were confirmed by direct evaluation, as were two doomed-cell executions at the predicted kill level. During the work an implementation bug was found via an external anchor, disclosed in the public log, and fixed; all affected results were voided and recomputed.

494/494 exact verdicts · 0 alarms Tn verified symbolically 12/12 independent review: theorem re-derived, no counterexample AI involvement disclosed in full

Explain it to anyone

A house rule of this lab: every paper ships with a way to explain it to your family. Here is this one. Every candidate theory of gravity in this family is a hiker on a high plateau. Adding dimensions of space means walking toward the edge. Below nine dimensions there is no edge at all — everyone is safe, including our own world. From nine dimensions on, a cliff appears, and we found the exact formula for where it runs. String theory walks the plateau and reaches the very edge at exactly 23 dimensions — one more step and it falls. The boundary of consistency passes exactly through the string — but only in high dimensions.

Two panels: in low dimensions the string sits safely inside the allowed region; in high dimensions it stands exactly on the edge.
Inside vs on the edge: what changes as dimensions grow.
The companion open-string family drawn as a 3D solid: a ship's bow sailing through a sea of dead candidates.
For fun: the companion open-string family as a ship's bow (from the island paper) — same style, every voxel exact.
Zoom-out map of the whole family: an open wedge — for every dimension sufficiently string-like candidates survive.
The whole body zoomed out: an open wedge — the dead mouth widens with dimensions, the string lane drowns past 23.

Honest status: the trajectory law Tn is a theorem (independently re-derived, general n); completeness of the boundary is a conjecture, verified on 494 exact points with three clean knife-hunts and labeled as such in the paper. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21944818.